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--- useful:mysql-mariadb [2022/08/13 06:39] – admin
+++ useful:mysql-mariadb [2024/03/15 14:36] (current) – admin
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
     sudo systemctl start mysql # and it should finally start
+===== SSH Tunnel to Database =====
+If the MySQL or MariaDB database is running on a different machine (whether real or virtual) from the application, a connection through a network is needed. Assuming the network cannot be assumed to be secure, some kind of encryption is needed.
+Various alternatives exist, the main ones being and SSH tunnel, TLS connection, VPN. Of these, the SSH tunnel is the easiest to configure, and also the most efficient.
+I used to set up SSH tunnels with autossh which provides a means of restarting SSH if it should fail. More recently, I found that it is possible in systems that support systemd to run the tunnel as a service. The service mechanism will handle the restarting without the need for extra software. The creation of tunnels can also be made quite elegant.
+The solution I have now used is well described at [[https://gist.github.com/drmalex07/c0f9304deea566842490|this Github article]].
+Except that I had a big problem with one connection, and it seems the fix is to change "LOCAL_ADDR=localhost" to "LOCAL_ADDR=127.0.0.1".
+===== Data files under /home directory =====
+By default, this is not allowed and will cause errors. But there are situations where /home is a good place for the data. To fix this in Debian, create and edit this file:
+     vim /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/override.conf
+Set the contents to:
+     [Service]
+     ProtectHome=false
+It should be possible to achieve this without knowing exactly where the file is by using:
+     systemctl edit mariadb
+but when I tried, it seemed not to work.
+===== Change collation for all tables in a database =====
+Remember to set the correct name for the database in this code and make sure output file does not exist:
+     SET @MY_SCHEMA = "myremos_j41";
+     SELECT DISTINCT
+      CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;") as queries
+     FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
+     WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=@MY_SCHEMA
+       AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"
+     INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/convert.csv' FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';
+Then run this command (changing database name as appropriate):
+     mysql myremos_j41 < /tmp/convert.csv